String
Array of character is called a string. It is always terminated by the NULL
character. String is a one dimensional array of character.
We can initialize the string as
char name[]={‘j’,’o’,’h’,’n’,’\o’};
Here each character occupies 1 byte of memory and last character is always NULL
character. Where ’\o’ and 0 (zero) are not same, where ASCII value of ‘\o’ is 0
and ASCII value of 0 is 48. Array elements of character array are also stored in
contiguous memory allocation.
From the above we can represent as;
The terminating NULL is important because it is only the way that the
function that work with string can know, where string end.
String can also be initialized as;
char name[]=”John”;
Here the NULL character is not necessary and the compiler will assume it
automatically.
String constant (string literal)
A string constant is a set of character that enclosed within the double quotes
and is also called a literal. Whenever a string constant is written anywhere in a
program it is stored somewhere in a memory as an array of characters terminated
by a NULL character (‘\o’).
Example – “m”
“Tajmahal”
“My age is %d and height is %f\n”
The string constant itself becomes a pointer to the first character in array.
