Nesting of loop
When a loop written inside the body of another loop then, it is known as nesting of
loop. Any type of loop can be nested in any type such as while, do while, for. For
example nesting of for loop can be represented as :
void main()
{ int i,j;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<5; j++)
printf(“%d %d”, i, j);
}
Output:
i=0
j=0 1 2 3 4
i=1
j=0 1 2 3 4
Break statement(break)
Sometimes it becomes necessary to come out of the loop even before loop
condition becomes false then break statement is used. Break statement is used
inside loop and switch statements. It cause immediate exit from that loop in which
it appears and it is generally written with condition. It is written with the keyword
as break. When break statement is encountered loop is terminated and control is
transferred to the statement, immediately after loop or situation where we want to
jump out of the loop instantly without waiting to get back to conditional state.
When break is encountered inside any loop, control automatically passes to the
first statement after the loop. This break statement is usually associated with if
statement.
Example :
void main()
{
int j=0;
for(;j<6;j++)
if(j==4)
break;
}
Output: 0 1 2 3
Continue statement (key word continue)
Continue statement is used for continuing next iteration of loop after skipping
some statement of loop. When it encountered control automatically passes
through the beginning of the loop. It is usually associated with the if statement. It is
useful when we want to continue the program without executing any part of the
program.
The difference between break and continue is, when the break encountered loop is
terminated and it transfer to the next statement and when continue is encounter
control come back to the beginning position.
In while and do while loop after continue statement control transfer to the test
condition and then loop continue where as in, for loop after continue control
transferred to the updating expression and condition is tested.
Example
void main()
{
int n;
for(n=2; n<=9; n++)
{
if(n==4)
continue;
printf(“%d”, n);
}
}
Printf(“out of loop”);
}
Output: 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 out of loop
